浓度变化时复合衬层中有机污染物的一维扩散分析

在考虑填埋场有机污染物浓度随时间变化的基础上,对有机污染物在复合衬层中的一维扩散问题进行了解析求解.计算模型考虑了2种常见的下边界条件,即零浓度下边界及零通量下边界.计算模型亦考虑了污染物在各介质中的背景浓度.利用该解析解得到的结果和已有的试验结果较为接近.对于美国规范规定的标准复合衬层,当污染物在膜中的扩散系数达到1.0×10-13m2·s-1且膜的分配系数达到50时,基本上可以忽略土工膜作为有机污染物扩散屏障的作用;对于同样的复合衬层,若膜的扩散系数达到1.0×10-12m2·s-1,则膜分配系数只需达到5即可忽略土工膜作为有机污染物扩散屏障的作用.对于标准复合衬层及GM GCL复合衬层,膜分配系数的变化对有机污染物通量击穿曲线的影响较大,而膜扩散系数对其的影响则相对较小.     

用计算机模拟送进角与辗轧角对Accu-Roll轧机变形区的影响

在建立Accu-Roll轧机变形区模型的基础上,开发出计算机模拟软件,可方便地通过变形区纵剖面计算机图象显示分析工艺参数对变形区的影响,从而为合理地选取与优化工艺参数提供依据。     

钢铁厂冷轧废水污泥中铬回收实验研究

钢铁厂冷轧废水污泥中含有10%以上的铬、20%以上的铁和1.5%以上的锌(均以质量分数计).为了从污泥中回收铬,首先研究了污泥中铬的形态,确定为Cr(Ⅲ);然后以碳酸钠为氧化助剂,将污泥与碳酸钠按一定比例混合后焙烧,再用水浸取.研究了碳酸钠的添加量、焙烧温度和时间、浸取时间和浸取方式对铬回收率的影响.研究表明,每克干污泥中添加0.6 g或以上碳酸钠,在固定床上700 ℃焙烧4 h以上,可实现60%以上的总铬浸出率,残渣为Fe2O3基脱硫剂原料.     

轧辊辊型曲线的计算机辅助设计

用影响函数法确定普通四辊轧机辊系的弹性变形 ,用有限单元法确定工作辊的热凸度 ,在此基础上耦合求解轧辊原始辊型曲线 ,与现场使用的辊型曲线对比表明 :该法能较准确地快速确定轧辊的原始辊型     

双衬层填埋场渗漏检测电极铺设方式研究

利用高压直流电法对双衬层填埋场渗漏检测进行了研究.结果表明检测电极的铺设方式以及供电电极和参比电极的位置对漏洞定位有一定影响.在回路电流、检测电极间距、定位算法、介质分布相同的条件下,三角形的检测电极铺设方式比四边形的漏洞定位误差小,且不同点的误差波动小.当参比电极距离漏洞较近时,漏洞定位误差较大;而参比电极与漏洞的距离越大,漏洞定位误差则越小.同时,检测层的电势分布主要是由供电电极和漏洞造成,因此,参比电极的位置既要远离漏洞又要远离供电电极.     

人工合成衬层渗漏检测高压直流电法漏洞电流模型

建立了填埋场渗漏检测高压直流电法漏洞电流模型．将单衬层填埋场看作水平方向为无穷大的3层均匀介质，上层为垃圾层，中间层为人工合成衬层，下层为土壤层．漏洞电流对周围空间电势分布的影响被等效为位于电流流人端的负电流源和位于电流流出端的正电流源对周围空间电势分布的影响膜上漏洞检测通过偶极子法试验、膜下漏洞检测通过电极栅格法试验，结果表明用所建模型计算的理论值与实测值吻合较好．     

一种新材料在城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场中的应用

针对我国目前垃圾填埋场存在的问题 ,提出推广应用一种新型的复合土工合成材料 (GCL)。简要介绍了GCL的结构及水力特性 ,图解说明了GCL在垃圾填埋场中的各种应用 ,并与CCL、GM相比较 ,说明了GCL在垃圾填埋场中的应用优势     

Variation of crack intensity factor in three compacted clay liners exposed to annual cycle of atmospheric conditions with and without geotextile cover

Performance of compacted clay liners commonly used as landfill barrier systems can be subject to decline in terms of hydraulic conductivity if left exposed to atmospheric conditions for an extended period of time prior to placement of overlaying layers. The resulting desiccation cracking can lead to increased hydraulic conductivity. Desiccation crack intensity was studied for three clayey soils commonly used for construction of landfill barrier system in a relatively large scale test setup exposed to real time atmospheric conditions over a complete annual cycle. A white separator geotextile cover was presumed to be capable of reducing the intensity of desiccation cracking through absorbing and maintaining higher amounts of moisture and reducing the temperature of the soil surface in comparison to a directly exposed soil surface. Desiccation cracking was monitored using a digital imaging technique for three compacted clay liners in two sets, one open to air and the second covered with the white geotextile. Crack intensity factor approached a relatively stable phase after certain cycles corresponding to atmospheric dry wet cycles. The results indicated that the white separator geotextile was capable of reducing the crack intensity factor by 37.4–45.9% throughout the experiment including the cyclic phase of desiccation cracking. During the stable phase, the maximum reduction in crack intensity factor of 90.4% as a result of applying geotextile cover was observed for the soil with the lowest plastic index and clay content and therefore the lowest magnitude of crack intensity factor. The other two soils with similar clay content but different plastic index showed 23.6% and 52.2% reductions in crack intensity factor after cyclic phase when covered with geotextile.     

Utilization of sepiolite materials as a bottom liner material in solid waste landfills

Landfill bottom liners are generally constructed with natural clay soils due to their high strength and low hydraulic conductivity characteristics. However, in recent years it is increasingly difficult to find locally available clay soils that satisfy the required engineering properties. Fine grained soils such as sepiolite and zeolite may be used as alternative materials in the constructions of landfill bottom liners. A study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using natural clay rich in kaolinite, sepiolite, zeolite, and their mixtures as a bottom liner material. Unconfined compression tests, swell tests, hydraulic conductivity tests, batch and column adsorption tests were performed on each type of soil and sepiolite–zeolite mixtures. The results of the current study indicate that sepiolite is the dominant material that affects both the geomechanical and geoenvironmental properties of these alternative liners. An increase in sepiolite content in the sepiolite–zeolite mixtures increased the strength, swelling potential and metal adsorption capacities of the soil mixtures. Moreover, hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures decreased significantly with the addition of sepiolite. The utilization of sepiolite–zeolite materials as a bottom liner material allowed for thinner liners with some reduction in construction costs compared to use of a kaolinite-rich clay.     

垃圾填埋场采用钠基膨润土防水毯防渗技术的探讨

目前内蒙古各城市生活垃圾的处置方式,大多采用卫生填埋法。防渗是卫生填埋处理技术的主要标志,它能防止垃圾在填埋过程中产生的渗滤液对水体污染。近几年钠基膨润土防水毯在卫生填埋场中得到快速发展,现已部分或全部取代粘土防渗层。本文主要从工程施工、质量、造价等分析膨润毯取代粘土防渗层的优势以及采用粘土防渗层对生态环境产生的不利影响。